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The most common and neutral title is "san". This can be used for both men and women and is appropriate in most cases including teachers addressing their students, among co-workers, and neighbors.
"Sama" is a more polite form of "san". This would be used when addressing a boss or somewhat of much higher social status. In most cases though, this would be a bit much.
"Kun" and "chan" are used for young boys and girls respectively. It is used in preschool and younger elementary grade children. It can also be used by relatives, grandparents, or friends when referring to other children.
"Sensei" is used specifically for teachers and doctors.
In Japan, people refer each other by their last name followed by their first name.
Respect and politeness in Japanese Language
Japanese Backpacks
Rite of passage for girls age three and seven and boys age five